Final Assignment of CALL

The Importance of Education in our Family

Education is the most important thing in our life this means that every human being deserves it and is expected to keep growing in it. Education in general have a sense of a life in self-development process of each individual to live and sustain life. So it becomes a well-educated is very important. We are educated to be useful for ourselves and our family

The first time we get education in the family environment (Informal Education), the school environment (Formal Education) and the environmental community (Non-formal Education). Informal education is education obtained from a person's everyday experience consciously or unconsciously, from birth to death. This educational process lasts a lifetime so that the role of the family was very important for children, especially the elderly. Parents educate their children with loving care. Affection given parent is endless and countless value. Parents teach us things that are good for example, how can we be polite to others, respect for others, and share with those who are deficient.

A normal human being, both children and adults are always needed something "feeling appreciated". Affection to the child's parents need to be stated. Children should know that we really loved. A child who loved to be loved his family, so children will feel that the children needed in the family. In such a situation the child will feel safe, valued, and cherished. The child will not feel afraid to express himself. Because the family was a source of strength membangunya. Thus will arise a situation of mutual help, mutual respect, which strongly supports to develope child’s behaviourism.

In the family that gives the maximum chance of growth, and development are parents. In the family environment of self-esteem grow as valued, accepted, loved, and respected as human beings.

That is the importance of why we become educated on the environment the family. Parents taught us start from childhood to respect other people this will lead to comfort and tranquility of life that will strengthen harmonious life.

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Families Types Tokens Percent K1 Words (1-1000): 107 138 301 79.42%   Function: ... ... (169) (44.59%)   Content: ... ... (132) (34.83%) >   Anglo-Sax       =Not Greco-Lat/Fr Cog: ... ... (58) (15.30%) K2 Words (1001-2000): 14 19 35 9.23% >   Anglo-Sax:      ... ... (4) (1.06%)     1k+2k       ... ... (88.65%) AWL Words (academic): 17 19 24 6.33% >   Anglo-Sax:      ... ... () (0.00%) Off-List Words: ? 17 19 5.01% 138+? 193 379 100%

education is the most important thing in our life this means that every human being deserves it and is expected to keep growing in it education in general have a sense of a life in self development process of each individual to live and sustain life so it becomes a well educated is very important we are educated to be useful for ourselves and our family

the first time we get education in the family environment informal education the school environment formal education and the environmental community non formal education informal education is education obtained from a person everyday experience consciously or unconsciously from birth to death this educational process lasts a lifetime so that the role of the family was very important for children especially the elderly parents educate their children with loving care affection given parent is endless and countless value parents teach us things that are good for example how can we be polite to others respect for others and share with those who are deficient

a normal human being both children and adults are always needed something feeling appreciated affection to the child parents need to be stated children should know that we really loved a child who loved to be loved his family so children will feel that the children needed in the family in such a situation the child will feel safe valued and cherished the child will not feel afraid to express himself because the family was a source of strength membangunya thus will arise a situation of mutual help mutual respect which strongly supports to develope child behaviourism

in the family that gives the maximum chance of growth and development are parents in the family environment of self esteem grow as valued accepted loved and respected as human beings

that is the importance of why we become educated on the environment the family parents taught us start from childhood to respect other people this will lead to comfort and tranquility of life that will strengthen harmonious life

A.    Have you analyzed / conducted the same activity before? If yes, in what subject?, if not, why?

No, because I never found  before this software.

B.     What is your opinion about the analyzing vocabulary levels through www.lextutor.ca?

Mmm. . . I think, www.lextutor.ca is a Good web to analyzing our vocabulary

C.     What do you think about your vocabulary levels after analyzing them through www.lextutor.ca?

After analyzed my vocab with www.lexutor.ca, I think I should develope my vocabulary through another exercise or another way

D.    In what course do you need to improve your writing and academic vocabulary?

In all about writing

E.     Are you familiar with the vocabulary levels given in www.lextutor.ca?

No, are not.

F.      Have you learnt about those vocabulary levels?

No, I haven’t

G.    Is academic vocabulary important for you as a university student? if yes, what for?, if not, why?

Yes, it’s very important because it can help us in writing

H.    Do you think that this analyzing activity is useful to support your learning, especially in writing?

Yes, very useful

I.       In what course/learning material do you think should be suggested to improve your writing ability and high vocabulary level quality?

All about writing material

J.       Do you think that ICT/CALL/internet utilization is useful? Why? And in what manner?

Yes, because we can develope our writing. Ex: in the learning process

K.    What is your impressions and suggestions of CALL subjects and activities?

I think, CALL is a very good material. We get many new information about technolgi especially internet.

L.     What do you think about all your previous subjects and learning materials? Are they effective enough to support your vocabulary development? Explain your ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer briefly.  

RESUME OF CALL

UNIT 1: What Is CALL

CALL is the acronym for computer-assisted language learning. This field has gone by a number of different names as groups of practitioners have attempted to promote their own views and philosophies, in some cases in an attempt to distance the field from tutorial call, such as CALL, CELL, TELL, TALL, CALI, CBLT, IT and ICT, NBLT, DLL, and MALL. CALL began in the 1960s with mainframe-based drill and practice materials, especially those based on the University of illinois’ PLATO system. CALL is divided into three phases, behavioristic CALL, communicative CALL, and integrative CALL. A typology of CALL programs and applications are computer as tutor, computer as stimulus, and computer as tool

UNIT 2: Courseware Evaluation, Development, and Implementation

Courseware refers to software that is used to support formal language learning. In practice, courseware has been used to refer to everything from complete software packages that can be used without a teacher to software that is just a part of a language learning course, sometimes a minor or optional supplementary part.

Three dimensions of tutorial CALL are developing courseware, evaluating courseware, and implementing courseware.

1.      EVALUATION MODULE: Evaluation involves three kinds of considerations. A crucial aspect is to understand what the courseware does first before attempting to judge it: this is, not surprisingly, difficult to do because as soon as we start interacting with a program we want to judge it.

2.      DEVELOPMENT MODULE: Courseware development refers to the process of going from the idea of creating a piece of tutorial software through the final product. It should be informed by general principles of instructional design.

3.      IMPLEMENTATION MODULE: Implementation considerations are relevant during the evaluation process, but they become crucial when deciding how best to use software that is available.

UNIT 3: CMC (Computer Mediated Communication)

            computer-mediated communication, or CMC, computers are a means through which teachers communicate with learners, learners communicate with one another and learners may even communicate with native speakers. That communication takes place through variations in the following elements: timing (synchronous or asynchronous), number and patterning of participants (one to one, one to many, or many to many), and medium (text, voice, or video).

 Asynchronous text. The first use of CMC in language teaching almost certainly came through email exchanges from teachers to students and among students within classes. Email is an example of asynchronous communication, in that the interaction is not in real time. Synchronous Text. With synchronous text, or chat, the messages are exchanged in text form, but in real time.

UNIT 4: CALL On The Web

We have been looking at CALL software and activities involving it regardless of whether it is accessible through disk, the Internet in general (like email) or the World Wide Web. This unit looks into the Web in more depth. The reason is that the Web represents the largest collection (by far!) of material that is accessible almost anytime and anywhere by almost anyone having a browser equipped computer and an Internet connection. The Web is also where you find the most common tool applications for CALL, in particular the browsers and online video players that give access to a seemingly endless collection of both dedicated and authentic English language material.This unit is primarily about exploring, so follow up on links that look interesting.

ADVANTAGES OF THE WEB

Despite the disadvantages, there are many good reasons for using the Web for certain language learning activities.

·         There is anytime, anywhere access (for some people at least).

·         There are enormous amounts of free material.

·         Material can be found that is current.

·         Language reference and other learning support materials can be found.

·         Student and teacher publication opportunities exist.

·         A cultural window is opened through the authentic material readily available.

·         Meaning technologies, such as transcripts, dictionaries, and translators, exist to aid comprehension of material.

·         Increasing amounts of audio and video allow building of comprehension skills beyond reading.

·         Previous disk-based activities (like tutorial exercises) and Internet-based activities (like email) can often be handled through the Web.

DISADVANTAGE OF THE WEB

Because of the hype surrounding it for language learning it is useful to begin with some of the disadvantage of the web over the alternatives

·        Text-based material on the web is sometimes not as easy to read as material in paper format because of font color and background choice.

·        Sound and video sometimes take a noticeable time to transfer, even on fast connections. Newer forms of streaming have improved this dramatically, but the Web is still not as responsive as a CD-ROM, DVD or the hard drive on a TiVo or other digital video recorder.

·         Sound and video are typically compressed to speed up transfer: depending on the degree of compression and other factors they can be of noticeably lower quality than the original. This can affect their suitability for supporting language learning. Also some of the free material on sites like www.youtube.com were of poor audio or video quality even in their original state (for example, if taken with a mobile phone)

·         Because of the way that HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) works, on most pages every click is a request that has to go back to the original server. The equivalent of turning a page may result in a noticeable delay if the server is busy.

·         Because of this delay, interactivity is limited compared to what is possible with disks or CD-ROMs. However, increasingly Web applications (like Macromedia Flash) have interactivity without delays.

·         Down servers or broken links may lead to frustration.

·         The sheer amount of material can make it hard to find what you want, though developing skill with a search engine like Google (www.google.com) is certainly a great help. If you haven't already done so, have a look at Google's basic search help, www.google.com/support/websearch/bin/answer.py?answer=134479, and more search help, www.google.com/support/websearch/bin/answer.py?answer=136861.

·         The Web is dynamic and often as unpredictable as the humans behind it. You may find an old site that has not been updated for years, or you may find a great source of material only to have it be gone the next time you look for it. You may still be able to locate old pages using the "cached" feature of Google (www.google.com) or the Internet archive's Way back Machine at www.archive.org.

·         Sites and applications that used to be free and only supported by text ads that could be easily ignored are increasingly charging fees requiring subscriptions (so that you don't get their ads), or requiring users to watch commercials before the desired material loads.

·         As is widely known, the accuracy of Web sources is often questionable (the present one excepted of course).

UNIT 5: CALL and Language Skills

 In this unit, we look at how both tool and tutor software can be used to support specific skills like listening, speaking, reading, writing, grammar, pronunciation and even culture. All the material that related with these skills are immeasurable provide in web. So we have authority to choose the best material that appropriate used in language learning.

UNIT 6: CALL Research

So far, we have been going through this course with the implicit assumption that CALL works, that teaching language using computers in some way makes learning "better." But what exactly is "better?" Here are some possible interpretations:

ü  learners pick up language knowledge or skills faster or with less effort (learning efficiency) and/or learn more of what they need (effectiveness)

ü   learners pick up what is targeted, retain language knowledge or skills longer, learners can get materials or experience interactions that would otherwise be difficult or impossible (access)

ü  learners enjoy the language learning process more or are willing to engage in it more (motivation)

ü  learners require less space, less teacher time, or less expensive materials (institutional efficiency)

UNIT 7: CALL Learner Training

TECHNICAL TRAINING

Let us proceed under the assumption that it is worth the trouble to do at least some training. What do we need to do? Training can be divided at least into two areas: technical and pedagogical (you may recall that this was the same division as for teachers in Unit 1). Technical training naturally includes general computer literacy (which can be a major issue or not depending on your setting and students), but of greater interest here is learning technical skills and knowledge of particularvalue to language learning.

PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING

In a 2004 paper (Hubbard, 2004), I make a case for giving training not just on technical aspects but also on pedagogical ones, that is, how to use the tutorial software or tool effectively to meet specific learning objectives. To this end, I offer a set of five principles for learner training, summarized below.

1.      Experience CALL yourself. Try a piece of CALL software (like Rosetta Stone) for a language you don't know, or visit a chatroom for a language you are not fluent in. This was the recommended assignment for Unit 1. The assumption here is that by knowing what it's like from the learner's side, you'll be able to give better advice.

2.      Give learners teacher training. Let them know some of what you know if they are to become more independent. Help them develop a "language learning approach" that is consistent with what you consider a valid language teaching approach. In particular, try to give them practice with linking the procedures and strategies they use with software, online tasks, and CMC activities to specific language learning objectives.

3.      Use a cyclical approach. Teach a bit at a time. Don't just have a training session at the beginning and think your job is done. If anything, let learners "play" awhile with the application so that they have some familiarity with it before formal training begins. Learning (both technical and pedagogical) should be incremental but also include plenty of recycling and reviewing key concepts and strategies.

4.      Use collaborative debriefings. Get learners to discuss their experiences, successes and failures with the CALL tasks and software in pairs or small groups. Don't just make the instruction one-way from you. Having learners talk about lab experiences at the end of a session helps consolidate it, and discussing their individual experiences (at home or a drop-in lab) at the following class provides a way of avoiding the sense of isolation that comes from working on the computer alone.

5.      Teach general exploitation strategies. Show learners ways to use software to make it easier if it's too hard and harder if it's too easy, as well as how to mine the material for uses different from those intended by the developer. For example, many CALL tutorial exercises involve multiple choice. By teaching learners to resize windows so that the list of possible answers is hidden, the question becomes both a more challenging and a more natural open-ended one. Learners similarly need training in how to use text support (transcripts and captions) effectively for audio and video so that the language learning objective is supported. For CMC activities, some training in the rationale for and techniques of effectively negotiating meaning is valuable. In general, learners need to build a repertoire of strategies that they can use to realize the language learning potential in dedicated CALL software, CMC tasks and online language material.

Peristiwa Unik Yang Tercatat Sejarah

Beberapa kejadian aneh dan kebetulan yang baru sempat saya kumpulkan dari beberapa sumber.

Bayi Jatuh, diselamatkan dua kali oleh orang yang sama.

Di Detroit tahun 1930-an, ibu muda (yang sangat sembrono) harus berterima kasih sebesar2-nya pada pria bernama Joseph Figlock. Saat Figlock sedang jalan-jalan, bayi ibu muda tersebut jatuh dari jendela dari lantai atas dan mengenai Figlock. Keduanya tidak terluka dan selamat. Sangat beruntung bukan? Setahun setelah itu, bayi yang sama jatuh dari jendela yang sama, dan kebetulan sekali pria yang sama berjalan dibawahnya, dan lagi keduanya sama-sama selamat, kayak sinetron aja….
(Source : Mysteries of the Unexplained)  

Dua bersaudara terbunuh supir taxi yang sama rentang setahun.

Tahun 1975, saat menyetir moped di Bermuda, seorang pria tiba-tiba ditubruk taxi dan tewas seketika. Satu tahun kemudian, saudara laki2 pria ini mengalami hal yang sama persis. Faktanya, dia mengendarai moped yang sama. Dan lebih aneh lagi, dia ditubruk taxi yang sama dan disetir oleh supir yang sama, mau yang lebih aneh lagi? Taxi ini mengangkut penumpang yang sama!
(Source: Phenomena: A Book of Wonders, John Michell and Robert J. M. Rickard)

Persis seperti bukunya Edgar Allan Poe.

Pada abad ke 19, penulis cerita horor terkenal, Egdar Allan Poe, menulis sebuah buku berjudul ‘The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym’. Ceritanya mengenai 4 survivors dari kecelakaan kapal yang terdampar berhari2 ditengah laut sebelum memutuskan untuk membunuh dan memakan awak kabin bernama Richard Parker. Bertahun-tahun setelah itu,Tahun 1884, kapal layar Mignonette, tenggelam, dengan hanya 4 orang selamat, dan berhari-hari terdampar, akhirnya 3 senior dari kru memutuskan membunuh dan memakan awak kabinnya. Nama awak kabin itu adalah Richard Parker.

Pria Kembar, yang hidupnya kembar.

Cerita mengenai kembar identik yang hidupnya hampir identik memang mengejutkan, tapi mungkin tidak ada yang lebih mencengangkan dari yang satu ini. Cerita dari saudara kembar yang berasal dari Ohio , yang dipisahkan sejak lahir, dan diadopsi oleh keluarga yang berbeda. Tidak mengenal satu sama lain, kedua keluarga menamai mereka dengan nama yang sama, James. Inilah awal dari kebetulan2 itu, Kedua James tumbuh tanpa mengenal satu sama lain, namun keduanya menjalani pelatihan pelaksana-hukum, tertarik pada mechanical drawing dan pertukangan, dan menikahi wanita dengan nama Linda. Keduanya memiliki anak laki2 yang diberi nama James Alan. Keduanya juga menceraikan istrinya dan menikahi wanita lain, keduanya memiliki nama Betty. Dan keduanya memiliki anjing dengan nama Toy. Setelah terpisah selama 40 tahun, kedua pria ini berkumpul kembali dan berbagi kehidupan mereka yang kembar. Sinetron banget…..
(Source : Reader’s Digest, January 1980)

Peluru yang sampai ke Target setelah bertahun-tahun.

Henry Ziegland mengira dia pintar menghindar. Tahun 1883, dia putus dengan pacarnya, yang kemudian sangat stress dan bunuh diri. Kakak laki2 pacarnya sangat marah kemudian mendatangi Ziegland dan menembaknya. Setelah yakin dia sudah membunuh Ziegland, dia mengarahkan pistol ke dirinya sendiri dan bunuh diri. Kenyataanya Ziegland hanya tergores sedikit di wajah dan pelurunya nyasar dan nyantol di pohon. Tentu saja Ziegland merasa sangat beruntung. Bertahun-tahun kemudian dia memutuskan untuk menebang pohon itu, dengan peluru yang masih nyantol. Karena merasa pohon itu susah ditebang dia memutuskan untuk meledakkannya dengan memakai dinamit, Sial sekali ledakannya membuat peluru itu mengenai kepalanya, dan dia tewas seketika.
(Source : Ripley’s Believe It or Not!)

Mark Twain dan komet Halley.

Mark Twain lahir saat penampakan komet Halley tahun 1835, dan meninggal di penampakan komet Halley pada tahun 1910. Dia sendiri memprediksi penampakan komet Halley (kematiannya?) pada tahun 1909, saat itu dia berkata “Aku datang dengan komet Halley tahun 1835. Tahun depan komet ini datang lagi, dan aku berharap bisa pergi dengannya”

11/11/11---11:11:11

Kemarin baru saja kita lewatkan tanggal 11 bulan 11 tahun 2011, jika kita perhatikan, ada banyak keunikan yang terjadi di dalamnya.

Tahun 2011 merupakan salah satu tahun yang mempunyai keunikan tersendiri. Coba kita perhatikan, tahun baru diawali dengan kombinasi angka 1/1/11, sepuluh hari kemudian 11/1/11. Kini, pada Bulan Nopember angka-angka satu berderet terulang kembali.

Tanggal 11 Nopember 2011 unik, langka dan mungkin hanya akan terulang lagi seratus tahun bahkan seribu tahun mendatang. Mengapa? Karena pada saat itu, apabila Anda punya arloji digital akan tertera angka 11-11-11, 11:11:11 atau 11/11/11 11:11:11. Hal ini akan terulang kembali menjelang dini hari kalau arloji settingnya 12 jam bukan 24 jam

Wow, sederetan angka dengan unsur 1 yang sangat banyak. Kalau kita membacanya berdasarkan urutan angka tersebut maka angka paling depan menunjukkan tanggal 11, kemudian dibelakangnya adalah bulan sebelas atau Nopember, dibelakangnya lagi menunjukkan tahun 2011. Berikutnya menunjukkan waktu, yang saat itu tepat pukul sebelas lebih sebelas menit sebelas detik.

Banyak yang memanfaatkan momen tersebut untuk melangsungkan pernikahan, bahkan mereka yang hamil tua ada yang sengaja melahirkan bayinya dengan cara operasi cesar pada tanggal tersebut sehingga bayi yang seharusnya belum lahir itu dipaksa lahir ke dunia.

Tanggal istimewa ini juga menjadi pilihan bagi sepasang kekasih untuk melangsungkan pernikahannya. Pantaslah kalau para penghulu perkawinan kuwalahan melayani pemintaan para calon pengantin pada tanggal tersebut. Coba saja buktikan di KUA pasti banyak yang mendaftarkan pernikahannya.

Teman saya yang lahir tanggal 11 Nopember ini pun memperingati hari ulang tahunnya dengan cara yang istimewa. Rekan kerja satu kantor diundang untuk makan siang bersama di rumah kediamannya. Tujuannya apalagi kalau bukan memanfaatkan momen langka ini. Ya, karena sampai di usianya yang berkepala lima, ini merupakan peristiwa langka dan mungkin satu-satunya dalam sejarah hidupnya.

Satu lagi tanggal istimewa di bulan Nopember ini yang hamper mirip adalah 20-11-2011, 20:11, alias tanggal 20 Nopember 2011 jam 20 lebih sebelas menit. Momen semacam ini akan kita ulangi lagi pada tanggal 11 Nopember 2111 bahkan 11 Nopember 3011 pukul 11:11:11 mendatang. Tunggulah seabad lagi atau seribu tahun lagi.

Yang satu ini paling unik dan benar-benar sangat unik dari deretan angka satu di tahun 2011. Bila dua digit terakhir tahun kelahiran kita ditambah dengan umur kita tahun ini, maka hasilnya pasti 111. Sedangkan bagi yang lahirnya di atas tahun 2000 hasilnya pasti 11. Silahkan Anda hitung sendiri.

Benar-benar sederetan angka dengan unsur satu yang unik.

Apakah semua ini hanya kebetulan???